Body Fluids Supply the Tissues Continuously With Energy Oxygen and Nutrients Including Water ​
Abstract Body fluids are mostly water and electrolytes, and the brain, adrenal glands, and kidneys are the three primary organs that manage fluid balance (Tortora and Grabowski, 2002). The kidney controls the amount of fluid in your body by regulating how much urine is produced. The two main parts of the kidney are the cortex and the medulla. The cortex is the active part of the kidney where most of the blood filtration takes place. The medulla is the part of the kidney that contains the tubules that carry out salt and water re-absorption from the urine. The adrenal gland contributes to maintaining normal blood pressure by releasing hormones that cause the muscle cells to relax and let more blood into the heart when it becomes tense or when you are afraid. This release helps keep blood pressure down; also, the adrenal gland produces substances that help the body respond quickly to stress by causing muscles to tighten and hearts to beat faster.
The brain is protected by a fluid called cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that is produced by special cells located in the walls of the brain's ventricles. CSF flows through these ventricles toward the spinal cord where it protects the brain from injury during movement of the body or when the head is tilted backwards.
Lymphatic vessels transport lymph throughout the body.
What are the 3 chemicals that regulate fluid balance in the body?
Three hormones are important in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance: The pituitary gland produces antidiuretic hormone, the adrenal cortex produces aldosterone, and the heart produces atrial natriuretic peptide. Each job will be discussed in turn.
Adrenal Cortex - produces aldosterone which causes sodium and water to be re-absorbed by the kidneys resulting in urine production and sodium loss through our stool. Decreased activity of this hormone due to aging or disease can lead to dehydration and malnutrition. Aldosterone has many other roles in the body as well including regulation of blood pressure, glucose metabolism, and inflammation. Increased activity of this hormone is associated with high blood pressure, increased glucose uptake by muscle cells, and increased inflammation. These effects are desirable in healthy individuals but may become problematic in those who remain dehydrated for long periods of time.
Pituitary Gland - produces ADH which causes the kidney to release more water into the bladder to produce more urine. This hormone also decreases thirst and food intake. Inadequate secretion of this hormone results in increased fluid retention by the body leading to hypertension (high blood pressure).
Heart - produces ANP which increases removal of sodium from the body via the urine. This hormone is also anti-inflammatory and promotes vasodilation (relaxation of blood vessels).
What do body fluids supply tissues with?
Body fluids, especially water, continually give energy, oxygen, and nutrition to the tissues. The only source of circulating fluid in the body is blood. To extract glucose from the blood and store it in the muscles, the pancreas secretes glucagon. The hypothalamus in the brain monitors nutrition and water availability. When there are no signs of hunger or thirst, it sends a signal to the pancreas that more insulin is not needed. The hormone insulin has two important jobs in the body: it promotes the storage of nutrients such as sugar and fat and it prevents the accumulation of water in the body. Insulin helps cells take in more blood glucose (sugar) while removing stored energy (fat). Without insulin, the body would be unable to use up its stored energy supplies. Human bodies cannot live for more than three days without food or water because they must have an adequate supply of oxygen to function properly. Blood provides an efficient way to deliver oxygen to all parts of the body.
The human body is a very complex machine that requires constant maintenance to work efficiently. It is estimated that about one-third of Americans over the age of 50 suffer some form of malnutrition. This means that their bodies are not getting the proper amount of protein, vitamins, or minerals required for healthy functioning. People who suffer from malnutrition tend to have weaker immune systems, higher rates of illness, and increased risk of death.
Other than the urinary system, what organs help maintain water balance?
The pituitary gland (placed at the base of the brain) and the kidneys are two more mechanisms for regulating water balance. When the body's water reserves are depleted, the pituitary gland secretes vasopressin (also known as antidiuretic hormone) into the bloodstream. This triggers the kidney to reabsorb extra water from the urine to restore blood volume back to normal. The adrenal glands also play a role in water regulation by producing aldosterone when they need to conserve salt and water. The aldosterone level in the blood rises so that more water is retained in the body causing us to feel thirsty. When salt intake exceeds our needs, the adrenals produce cortisol which causes us to lose water through urine.
The integument (skin) also plays a role in water conservation. Our skin produces oil that keeps our muscles, joints, and organs lubricated and prevents them from drying out. Oil also blocks the pores through which bacteria can enter our bodies causing acne or other problems if it gets too low in concentration. Sunburn hurts because the skin loses moisture when it burns, so it becomes sensitive to pain while still being vulnerable to infection.
In conclusion, there are three ways that our body maintains water balance: by consuming food, breathing air, and using metabolic processes. All parts of our body are composed of cells that contain fluid called extracellular fluid. Fluid flows in and out of these cells to keep them healthy.
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Source: https://staminacomfort.com/which-organs-contribute-to-fluid-output-from-the-body
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